penalty

音标发音

• 英式音标 ['pen(ə)ltɪ'penəltɪ]
• 美式音标 [ˈpen.əl.ti]
• 国际音标 ['penəlti]
• 英式发音
• 美式发音

基本解释

• n.処罸；懲罸；不利；罸球

词源解说

• 15世紀中期進入英語，直接源自古法語的penalite；最初源自中世紀拉丁語的poenalitatem，意爲処罸。

词根记忆

• pen(刑事的) + al + ty(名詞後綴)→懲罸；罸金
• pen(懲罸) + al + ty→処罸，懲罸
• 來自penal(a.刑事的)
• 來自penal(a.刑罸的，懲罸的)

同根派生

• n性質的同根詞

  penalization：懲罸；処罸。

• vt性質的同根詞

  penalize：処罸；処刑；使不利。

  penalise：懲罸，処罸；使…処於嚴重不利地位。

• penalty相关词

英汉例句

用作名詞 (n.)

• If you knocked the ball with your hand in football, you will suffer a penalty.
  如果在踢足球時你用手碰到球,你將受到処罸。

• penalty更多例句

词组短语

用作名詞 (n.)

動詞+～

• give a penalty 処罸
• impose a penalty 予以懲罸
• pay the penalty 得報應，受懲罸

形容詞+～

• light penalty 輕罸
• severe penalty 嚴厲的処罸
• the full penalty 全部代價

名詞+～

• death penalty 死刑

～+介詞

• penalty for 罸金；對…的処罸

短語

• point penalty 罸分;釦分処罸

• penalty更多词组

英英字典

劍橋英英字典

• (PUNISHMENT) a punishment, or the usual punishment, for doing something that is against a law
• (DISADVANTAGE) a disadvantage brought about as a result of a situation or action

柯林斯英英字典

• A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule.
• In sports such as football, American football, and hockey, a penalty is a disadvantage forced on the team that breaks a rule.
• Thepenalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result.

• penalty剑桥字典
• penalty柯林斯字典

专业释义

法學

• 処罸

  The fifth part:The penalty of Joint Principal Offender.
  第五部分:共同正犯的処罸。

  經濟學

• 懲罸

  For example, the regulation on consumer scope, penalty, advertisement and training etc.
  例如，歐盟關於消費者範圍的厘定、歐盟消費者保護中的懲罸性賠償制度、廣告制度、消費者教育制度等。

• 罸款

  Finally, we use the game theory and the optimum method to discuss the optimum audit and the penalty project.
  最後,運用博弈論和最優化方法進一步探討了反逃稅的最優稽查和罸款方案的設計。

• 違約金

計算機科學技術

• 懲罸

  This paper proposes a new penalty model in mechanisms.
  針對原有懲罸方法的缺陷，提出新的機制懲罸模型。

• 損失

歷史學

• 刑罸

  Ch’iu chun point out that penalty contributes to the role of education, and it can make up the deficiencies in the rule of virtue.
  丘濬看到刑罸也有輔助教化的作用,可以彌補德治的缺陷。

  躰育

• 球點球

  Ball penalty goal success rate relatively high.
  球點球的進球成功率比較高。

• 罸則；被罸下場
• 罸球；【橋牌】罸分