ruffle

1. V-T If you ruffle someone's hair, you move your hand backward and forward through it as a way of showing your affection toward them. 抚弄 (头发)

"Don't let that get you down," he said, ruffling Ben's dark curls. “别因那事而沮丧，”他抚弄着本的黑色卷发说道。

2. V-T When the wind ruffles something such as the surface of the sea, it causes it to move gently in a wavelike motion. 使起皱[文学性]

The evening breeze ruffled the pond. 那傍晚的微风吹皱了水塘的表面。

3. V-T If something ruffles someone, it causes them to panic and lose their confidence or to become angry or upset. 使惊慌失措; 使沮丧; 激怒

I could tell that my refusal to allow him to ruffle me infuriated him. 我可以断定，我拒绝让他激怒我使他很恼火。

4. V-T/V-I If a bird ruffles its feathers or if its feathers ruffle, they stand out on its body, for example when it is cleaning itself or when it is frightened. 竖起

Tame birds, when approached, will stretch out their necks and ruffle their neck feathering. 驯化的鸟在人靠近时会伸长脖子，竖起脖子上的羽毛。

5. N an irregular or disturbed surface 不平整的表面; 弄乱的表面

6. N-COUNT Ruffles are folds of cloth at the neck or the ends of the arms of a piece of clothing, or are sometimes sewn on things as a decoration. (衣服领口、袖口的) 褶边; 装饰

...a white blouse with ruffles at the neck and cuffs. …一件领口和袖口上有褶边的白色女式衬衣。

7. N a low continuous drumbeat 擂鼓声

8. V to beat (a drum) with a low repetitive beat 擂(鼓)

9. V to behave riotously or arrogantly; swagger 自大[archaic]

10. PHRASE To ruffle someone's feathers means to cause them to become very angry, nervous, or upset. 使某人愤怒; 紧张; 沮丧

His direct, often abrasive approach will doubtless ruffle a few feathers. 他那直截了当、常常很粗鲁的方式无疑会激怒一些人。