instrumental variable

基本解释

The trick is to find an “instrumental variable” which can act as a proxy for one variable in a statistical analysis, but which is clearly unrelated to the others.
诀窍在于找到一种“工具性可变因素”，它能在统计分析中代替某种可变因素，但它显然与其他可变因素无关。
The instrumental variable in this instance allows a clear, credible estimate of the return from extra schooling for those most inclined to drop out from school early.
在这一研究中，对于那些倾向于尽早离开学校的人而言，使用辅助变量法就能够得出清晰可信的结果。
Mr Levitt’s analysis of crime during American election cycles, when police numbers rise for reasons unconnected to crime rates, is a celebrated example of an instrumental variable.
在本书中，Levitt对于美国大选期间犯罪率的分析（在此期间，警察数量的增长并非是由于犯罪率上升）是辅助变量分析的一个绝佳例子。

Instrumental variable analysis attempts to do just that, standing in contrast to the standard approach used in clinical studies.
FORBES: Why Medicaid is a Humanitarian Catastrophe
First, a brief discussion of instrumental variable analysis.
FORBES: Why Medicaid is a Humanitarian Catastrophe
Economists attempt to make the fudge factor as grounded in reality as possible, but instrumental variable analysis inevitably requires the analyst to give short shrift to the hard data and make assumptions about the differences between two populations, and how external factors (like insurance status) affect them.
FORBES: Why Medicaid is a Humanitarian Catastrophe

辅助变量
Iterative Instrumental Variable Least Squares method with controller was used in the algorithm, to solve the difficulty of identification of delay time and identifiability of close loop systems.
该方法采用带控制器的迭代辅助变量最小二乘法,解决了纯滞后时间估计和闭环系统可辨识性的问题。
工具变量

辅助变量
Error variances are necessaryto estimate parameters in measurement error model. An important alternativemethod is to adopt instrumental variable.
测量误差模型的识别不能仅仅依靠变量的观测值,还需要误差方差等有关的信息,然而并不是所有的研究都可以得到这样的信息,这时可以借助于辅助变量来完成测量误差模型的识别和参数估计。
文学
工具变量